The main industry is agriculture, with paddy being the chief crop. Majuli has a rich and diverse agricultural tradition, with as many as a hundred different varieties of rice grown, all grown without pesticides or artificial fertilisers. Among the fascinating arrays of rice produced are the koomol saool, a unique type of rice that can be eaten just after immersing the grains in warm water for fifteen minutes, and usually eaten as a breakfast cereal; the bao dhan, that grows under water, and is harvested after ten months and the bora, a sticky brown rice used to make the traditional cake known as peetha,. Fishing, dairying, pottery, handloom and boat-making are other important economic activities.

Handloom is a major occupation among the distaff population of the villages. Although largely a non-commercial occupation, it keeps many of the inhabitants occupied. Weaving is exquisite and intricate with the use of a variety of colours and textures of cotton and silk.

They cultivate both Rabi and Kharif crops. In case of Kharif crop cultivators were uncertain due to flood inundation till construction of embankment, which now have protected the crops from floods where no breach opening is there. The Rabi crop is more successful and people are very such dependant on it. Main crops grown in Majuli are Rice (summer, autumn and winter), Maize, Wheat, other Cereals, Black Gram, Vegetables, Fruits, other food crops, Cotton, Jute, Castor, Sugar Cane etc.

LAND CLASSIFICATION
 

Other occupations:

Pisciculture :
(Estt. Turnover Rs. 6-10 crores p.a.) There are more than 60 large water bodies (Beels) with very rich catch of fish that provides livelihood to large number of Majuli inhabitants apart from generating substantial revenue for the Govt./Local bodies

Pottery :
Majuli is famous for Potteries in entire valley for design and quality of their products and artifacts and are made in a process tracing back to Egyptian and Harappan civilozation.

Boat making :
Being a flood prone, rain fed and water Logged area where water transport is the only mode of transportation, the boat making is an age-old traditional business. Around 3000 families are dependent on this trade.

Cattle farming/Dairy :
Having huge pastureland cattle farming and dairying is one of the major source of livelihood of the people.

Handicrafts/furniture making :
Bamboocraft and cane works are main handicraft trades.

Handloom:
Women of Majuli are expert weavers and weave their own cloths. Mishing women make a world famous fabric called "Mirizim" which is known for exotic designs and pleasing colour combination.

They weave exquisite varieties and textures of silk and cotton. Every woman on the island, whether Mising or non-tribal, is an expert weaver, though like the agriculture, this is non-commercial, mostly just for the home.

Horticulture :
With fertile land and suitable climatic condition, Horticulture is area of the economy, yet mostly non-commercial.

Sericulture :
Around 20 village entirely depends on Sericulture by producing raw silk, endi as well as value added products.

Mineral Resources :
It has been reported that oil India Ltd., has discovered oil in two wells in the Island thereby, enhancing the existing economic importance of this Island. This will mean, seriousness in protecting the Island with utmost urgency.